Kulula ukukholelwa ukuthi amanzi ageleza kumpompi wakho ahlanzeke ngokuphelele futhi aphephe ukuphuzwa. Kodwa, ngeshwa, amashumi eminyaka ezindinganiso zekhwalithi yamanzi axegayo asho ukuthi imithombo yamanzi eminingi, uma kungeyona yonke, e-United States iqukethe okungenani ukungcola okuthile. Lokhu kwenza isihlungi samanzi sibe yisici esibalulekile kunoma yiliphi ikhaya elinempilo.
Zisindise ukuhlupheka kokuthenga amanzi asebhodleleni abizayo futhi angenakulinganiswa ngalezi zinhlelo zokuhlunga, ezigunyazwe ukususa ubuthi ngochwepheshe bamanzi okuphuza.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezihlungi zamanzi emakethe: izihlungi zekhabhoni nezihlungi ze-osmosis ezihlehlayo. Iningi lamajeke, amabhodlela kanye nama-dispensers afakwe izihlungi zekhabhoni.
Zinongqimba lwekhabhoni olucushiwe olubamba ukungcola okukhudlwana okunjengomthofu. USydney Evans, umhlaziyi wesayensi ku-Environmental Working Group (EWG) mayelana nokungcoliswa kwamanzi kampompi, uphawula ukuthi lezi yizinhlobo zezihlungi ezifinyeleleka kalula, eziqondakalayo nezingabizi. I-caveat ukuthi bangakwazi kuphela ukuphatha inani elithile lokungcola. Zidinga futhi ukushintshwa njalo njengoba ukungcola kungakheka ngaphakathi kwesisefo sekhabhoni futhi kwehlise izinga lamanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izihlungi ze-osmosis ezihlehlayo ziqukethe isihlungi se-carbon kanye nolunye ulwelwesi olubamba ukungcola okuncane amalahle angeke akwazi. “Izohlunga cishe yonke into emanzini akho, kuze kube yilapho ungase ufune ukwengeza izinto ezinjengosawoti noma amaminerali ukuze uwanikeze ukunambitheka okuthile,” kuchaza u-Eric D. Olson. UMkhandlu (UMkhandlu Wokuvikelwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo).
Nakuba lezi zihlungi zisebenza kangcono ekuthwebuleni izinhlayiya ezinhle, zivame ukubiza kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuzifaka. U-Evans uphawula nokuthi basebenzisa amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi besebenza, into okufanele uyikhumbule uma uhlala endaweni entula amanzi.
Ngokuqondene nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesihlungi ongalukhetha, kuya ngokungcola emthonjeni wakho wamanzi. Zonke izisetshenziswa ezinkulu zamanzi e-United States (ezisebenzela abantu abangaphezu kuka-50,000) zidingeka ngokomthetho ukuthi zihlole amanzi azo minyaka yonke futhi zishicilele umbiko wemiphumela. Ubizwa ngokuthi uMbiko Wonyaka Wekhwalithi Yamanzi, Umbiko Welungelo Lokwazi, noma Umbiko Wokuqiniseka Kwabathengi. Kufanele ifinyeleleke kalula kuwebhusayithi yosizo. Ungaphinda uhlole isizindalwazi samanzi kampompi se-EWG ukuze ubheke ngokushesha okutholwe kwakamuva endaweni yangakini. (Le mibiko ayikunaki ukungcola okungenzeka ukuthi kuvela ohlelweni lwakho lwamapayipi amanzi; ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele sakho, uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwamanzi okuchwepheshile ekhaya lakho,1 okumba eqolo.)
Zilungiselele: umbiko wakho wekhwalithi yamanzi ungaqukatha ulwazi oluningi. Kukungcola okungaphezu kuka-300 okuye kwatholakala ezinhlelweni zamanzi okuphuza e-US, u-Evans wachaza, “cishe ezingaba ngu-90 kuphela kuzo ezilawulwayo (imikhawulo engokomthetho) akusho ukuthi kuphephile.”
U-Olson waphawula ukuthi izindinganiso eziningi zokuphepha emanzini okuphuza zezwe azikabuyekezwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 kanye nawo-1980 futhi azihambisani nokutholwe kwakamuva kwesayensi. Futhi abacabangi ngaso sonke isikhathi iqiniso lokuthi nakuba into iphephile ukuphuza ngemithamo ephansi, ingabangela imiphumela engadingeki uma ithathwa nsuku zonke, izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. “Unenqwaba yezinto ezinomthelela osheshayo, kodwa nezinto ezibonakala ngemuva kweminyaka, kodwa zimbi kakhulu, njengomdlavuza,” kusho yena.
Labo abasebenzisa amanzi emithombo noma abasebenzisa uhlelo lukamasipala oluncane abasola ukuthi alunakekelwa kahle bangase bafune ukubheka izisefo zamanzi. Ngaphandle kokuhlunga izinto ezingcolisa amakhemikhali, ziphinde zibulale amagciwane atholakala emanzini angabangela izifo ezifana ne-legionella. Nokho, izinhlelo eziningi zokuhlanza amanzi ziyawasusa, ngakho aziyona inkinga kubantu abaningi.
Bobabili u-Olson no-Evans bayanqikaza ukuncoma isihlungi esisodwa phezu kwesinye, njengoba ukukhetha kwakho okuhle kuzoncika emthonjeni wakho wamanzi. Indlela yakho yokuphila nayo idlala indima ethile, njengoba abanye abantu bephila kahle ngejeke elincane eligcwala nsuku zonke, kuyilapho abanye becasuka futhi badinga uhlelo olukhudlwana lokuhlunga. Isondlo kanye nesabelomali ngezinye izinto ezicatshangelwayo; Nakuba amasistimu e-osmosis ehlehlayo ebiza kakhulu, awadingi ukulungiswa okuningi nokushintshwa kwesihlungi.
Sinalokho engqondweni, saqhubeka sabheka izihlungi zamanzi eziyisikhombisa ezihlanza amanzi ngezindlela ezihluke kancane, kodwa zonke ziwenza kahle umsebenzi. Sifunde ngokucophelela ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende ukuthola imikhiqizo enezinkinga ezimbalwa nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kube lula.
Izinketho ezingezansi zihlanganisa ibhajethi, usayizi, kanye nesistimu, kodwa zonke zinemiphumela emihle kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukufaka, ukusetshenziswa, nokushintshwa njengoba kudingeka. Inkampani ngayinye ibeka obala mayelana nokungcola okuyehliswa izihlungi zazo futhi ikwenze kugunyazwe ngokuzimela abahloli bezinkampani zangaphandle ngalokho abathi bayakwenza.
“Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bangathengi okokuhlunga ngoba nje [inkampani] ithi isihlungi esihle. Udinga ukuthola isihlungi esiqinisekisiwe,” kusho u-Olson. Kanjalo, yonke imikhiqizo ekulolu hlu iqinisekiswe yi-NSF International noma i-Water Quality Association (WSA), izinhlangano ezimbili ezihamba phambili ezizimele zokuhlola embonini yamanzi ompompi. Ngeke uthole izitatimende ezingacacile ezingasekelwe ukuhlolwa kwezinkampani zangaphandle.
Zonke lezi zihlungi zihlolwe ngokuzimele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zehlisa ukungcola okumangalelwe. Sihlonza okunye ukungcola okukhulu ezincazelweni zomkhiqizo wethu.
Zonke lezi zihlungi zenzelwe ukuthi zihlale isikhathi eside kuneziqhudelana nazo futhi zingashintshwa kalula nangendlela enembile uma kudingeka.
Kulolu hlu, uzothola isihlungi esifanelana nezintandokazi zakho, kusukela ezitsheni ezipholile ezincane ukuya kumasistimu endlu yonke.
Ngokuqinisekile sizofaka izihlungi zekhabhoni kanye nezihlungi ze-osmosis ezihlehlayo ohlwini lwethu ngakho konke ukunambitheka nesabelomali.
Isihlungi se-PUR charcoal siza nezikulufu ezintathu futhi kulula ukuzifaka kumafaucethi amaningi (ungazami nje ukukufaka kompompi abakhiphayo noma bezandla). Ababuyekezi bayaqaphela ukuthi kulula ukuyifaka ngamaminithi futhi ikhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile ngokuphawulekayo. Isici esivelele salo mkhiqizo isibani esakhelwe ngaphakathi esizokwazisa uma isihlungi sidinga ukushintshwa, sinciphise amathuba okungcoliswa kwamanzi asuka kusihlungi esingcolile. Isihlungi ngasinye ngokuvamile sihlanza cishe amalitha angu-100 amanzi futhi sihlala izinyanga ezintathu. Igunyazwe yi-NSF ukususa ukungcola okungu-70 (bheka uhlu olugcwele lapha), lesi sihlungi silungele labo abafuna ukuvikela amanzi abo ampompi asekhishini kumthofu, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemikhiqizo ephuma ngaphandle yokubulala amagciwane ngaphandle kwesidingo sesihlungi esibanzi. Kuyisinqumo esihle sesistimu ye-osmosis ehlehlayo.
Uma njalo ukhetha amanzi abandayo, ahlungiwe esiqandisini (futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuhlale ugcwalisa iketela), khona-ke le nketho ingeyakho. Ayisindi futhi ifaka i-spout ephezulu ehlukile kanye nedizayini kampompi oseceleni ekuvumela ukuthi ugcwalise ibhodlela lakho lamanzi ngokushesha futhi ufinyelele amanzi ahlanzekile kuyilapho ingxenye ephezulu isahluza. Ababuyekezi bawuthokozele kakhulu umklamo osesitayeleni kanye nesihloli sekhwalithi yamanzi esifakiwe esikusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi usishintsha nini isihlungi. (Ungalindela ukuthola amalitha angu-20 amanzi ahlanzekile kusihlungi ngasinye, futhi ngokuvamile ahlala cishe inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili, kuye ngokuthi uwasebenzisa kaningi kangakanani.) Qiniseka ukuthi ushintsha izihlungi njalo, futhi uhlanze futhi usule ingaphakathi lesihlungi. . . futhi yomisa ujeke ukuze isikhunta singakheki. Lesi sihlungi sigunyazwe yi-NSF ukunciphisa i-PFOS/PFOA, ukungcola okuholayo nokusohlwini.
Uhlelo lwe-APEC lulungele ukufaka izihlungi zokugeza ezilahlwayo. Idizayini yayo ye-osmosis ehlane ihlanganisa izigaba ezinhlanu zokuhlunga ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola okungaphezu kwe-1,000 emanzini okuphuza. Okuwumphumela kuphela ukuthi isihlungi ngasinye kufanele sishintshwe ngasodwa, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kokukodwa ngonyaka. Nakuba kukhona umhlahlandlela wokusetha ukuze uzenzele ngokwakho, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ushayele uchwepheshe uma ungeyena owamukelayo. Uma isifakiwe, ababuyekezi babone ukuthi isistimu iyaqiniswa ukuze ivimbele ukuvuza futhi ilethe amanzi acwenge kakhulu ngaphezu kwamandla esihlungi sekhabhoni esijwayelekile.
Lonke lolu hlelo lwendlu luzogcina amanzi akho ehlungiwe kuze kube iminyaka eyisithupha futhi lungakwazi ukuphatha amalitha angu-600,000 ngaphandle kokushintshwa. Idizayini yayo enezikhala eziningi ihlunga ukungcola kwamakhemikhali, ithambe futhi ihlanze amanzi kuyilapho ikhipha amagciwane, amagciwane namagciwane. Iklanyelwe ukunikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo emanzini ngaphandle kokuvala futhi iphathwa ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye ne-algae. Ababuyekezi bayaqaphela ukuthi uma isifakiwe (ungase ufune ukushayela uchwepheshe), uhlelo ngokuvamile lusebenza ngokwalo futhi ludinga ukulungiswa okuncane.
Leli bhodlela lamanzi lensimbi engenasici eliqinile lihluza ukungcola okungu-23 kumpompi, okuhlanganisa umthofu, i-chlorine nezibulala-zinambuzane, futhi ibhodlela ngokwalo alinayo i-BPA. Isihlungi saso singanyakazisa kufikela kumalitha angu-30 amanzi futhi ngokuvamile sihlala cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcine izihlungi ezishintshayo kusenesikhathi, zibiza u-$12.99 sisinye. Ababuyekezi bancoma idizayini yebhodlela ethambile futhi eqinile, kodwa qaphela ukuthi kuthatha umzamo othile ukupompa amanzi ahlungiwe ngotshani. Lena inketho enhle ongayithatha uma uya endaweni entsha futhi ungaqiniseki ngamanzi.
Abavakashi abadinga ukusula ngokushesha futhi bahlanze imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile bazofuna ukuhlola i-GRYL. Lesi sihlanzi esinamandla sisusa amagciwane namagciwane kanye ne-chlorine, izibulala-zinambuzane nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo. Uvele ugcwalise ibhodlela ngamanzi aphuma emfuleni noma uthephe, ucindezele ikepisi imizuzwana eyisishiyagalombili, bese uyakhulula, futhi izingilazi ezintathu zamanzi ahlanzekile zisesandleni sakho. Isihlungi sekhabhoni ngasinye singasebenzisa cishe amalitha angama-65 amanzi ngaphambi kokuba sidingeke ukushintshwa. Ababuyekezi bayaqaphela ukuthi isebenza kahle ekuhambeni kwezinsuku eziningi, kodwa khumbula ukuthi uma uya endaweni eqhelile, uzodinga ukuthwala umthombo wamanzi osele nawe uma kwenzeka.
Lesi sikhithi samanzi esingenayo i-BPA singabekwa phezu kwekhawunta yakho noma esiqandisini sakho ukuze ufinyelele ngokushesha emanzini ahlanzekile. Iphethe izingilazi zamanzi ezingu-18, futhi ababuyekezi bayaqaphela ukuthi kulula ukuthela phansi kusinki. Sincoma ukuyisebenzisa ngesihlungi se-Brita longlast+ esiqinisekiswe yi-NSF ukuze sisuse i-chlorine, i-lead ne-mercury kufika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha (amalitha angu-120). Ibhonasi: Ngokungafani nezihlungi eziningi zekhabhoni, okufanele zilahlwe kudoti, zingagaywa kabusha kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-TerraCycle.
Ngamafuphi, yebo. “Naphezu kwemithetho ethile, amanzi ageleza empompini wakho athwala izinga elithile lengozi yezempilo, kuye ngokungcola okutholakala emanzini okuphuza kanye namazinga awo,” kuphinda u-Evans. “Angicabangi ukuthi kulo lonke ucwaningo lwami ngike ngihlangane namanzi angenawo ukungcola. Kungase kube nokuthile okufanele ukuhlungwa.”
Ngenxa yegebe elikhulu phakathi kwamanzi okuphuza asemthethweni naphephile, kuyakhokha ukucophelela nokuhlunga amanzi owaphuzayo nsuku zonke.
Ukuhlunga amanzi akho ngenye yalezi zinhlelo eziyisikhombisa eziqinisekisiwe kungenye yezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthi awuphuzi ngephutha noma yini engakugulisa. Uma usuzenzele isinqumo sakho sokuthenga isisefo, ungase uthande ukucabangela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuhlanza wonke amanzi akho.
“Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sawo wonke umuntu ukuthola amanzi kampompi aphephile futhi ahlolwe kahle, ngakho akuwona wonke umuntu wesilisa, owesifazane kanye nengane okufanele azithengele futhi azigcinele isihlungi sasekhaya,” kusho u-Olson.
Ukuqinisa imithetho yamanzi okuphuza e-United States ngokungangabazeki kuyinqubo ende futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ungabonisa ukusekela kwakho ngokuthintana nelungu lendawo leCongress noma ummeleli we-EPA futhi ucele umphakathi wakho ukuthi uthuthukise izindinganiso zamanzi okuphuza aphephile. Ngethemba ukuthi ngelinye ilanga ngeke sidinge nhlobo ukusefa amanzi ethu okuphuza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-04-2023