Ososayensi bathola ubufakazi be-taxonomic orders engu-187 kumalitha angu-20 amanzi aqoqwe kwenye yezindawo ezinonya kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ithimba lososayensi eliholwa yi-Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) kanye ne-Appalachian State University baye basebenzisa i-DNA yemvelo (i-eDNA) ukuze babhale ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezisezintabeni ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-Mount Everest engamamitha angu-29,032 (8,849 metres) ububanzi. Lo msebenzi obalulekile uyingxenye ye-National Geographic and Rolex Perpetual Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition yangowezi-2019, uhambo olukhulu kakhulu lwesayensi lwe-Everest.
Libhala mayelana nabakutholile kujenali iScience, ithimba laqoqa i-eDNA kumasampula amanzi asuka emachibini ayishumi nemifudlana ekujuleni okusuka kumafidi angu-14,763 (amamitha angu-4,500) kuya kwangu-18,044 (amamitha angu-5,500) emasontweni amane. Lezi zindawo zihlanganisa izindawo zamabhande e-alpine akhona ngaphezu komugqa wesihlahla futhi aqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo nezihlahlana, kanye namabhande e-aeolian adlulela ngale kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo nezihlahlana ezikhuphuka nomfula endaweni ephilayo. Bahlonze izinto eziphilayo ezingaphansi kwama-oda angu-187 e-taxonomic kusuka kumalitha angu-20 amanzi kuphela, okulingana no-16.3%, noma ingxenye eyodwa yesithupha, yenani eliphelele lama-oda aziwayo eSihlahleni Sokuphila, isihlahla somndeni wezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba.
I-eDNA icinga amanani okulandela umkhondo wezakhi zofuzo ezishiywe izinto eziphilayo nezilwane zasendle futhi inikeza indlela ethengekayo, esheshayo nephelele yokuthuthukisa amakhono ocwaningo okuhlola ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo endaweni yasemanzini. Amasampuli aqoqwa kusetshenziswa ibhokisi elivaliwe eliqukethe isihlungi esicupha izinto zofuzo, bese sihlaziywa elabhorethri kusetshenziswa i-DNA metabarcoding nezinye izindlela zokulandelanisa. I-WCS isebenzisa i-eDNA ukuze ithole izinhlobo ezingavamile nezisengozini kusukela ku-humpback whale kuya ku-Swinghoe softshell turtles, okungenye yezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni.
Imephu yokushisa yokulandelana ifundwa amagciwane akhonjwe futhi ahlukaniswa ngokulandelana kwe-taxonomic kusetshenziswa i-SingleM kanye nesizindalwazi seGreengenes esizeni ngasinye.
Nakuba ucwaningo lwe-Everest lwalugxile ekuhlonzeni izinga le-oda, ithimba likwazile ukuhlonza izinto eziphilayo eziningi kuze kufike ohlotsheni noma ezingeni lezinhlobo zezilwane.
Isibonelo, ithimba lihlonze ama-rotifer nama-tardigrades, izilwane ezincane ezimbili ezaziwa ngokuphila kahle kwezinye zezindawo ezinokhahlo nezidlulele kakhulu futhi zibhekwa njengezinye zezilwane ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezaziwa emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathola itshwele leqhwa laseTibet elitholakala eSagarmatha National Park futhi bamangala ukuthola izinhlobo ezinjengezinja ezifuywayo nezinkukhu ezimelela umthelela wemisebenzi yabantu endaweni.
Baphinde bathola izihlahla zikaphayini ezingatholakala kuphela emagqumeni akude kakhulu nalapho benza khona amasampula, okubonisa ukuthi impova epheshulwa umoya ihamba kanjani inyukele kulezi zindawo zamanzi. Esinye isidalwa abasithola ezindaweni eziningana kwakuyi-mayfly, inkomba eyaziwa kakhulu yokushintsha kwemvelo.
Uhlu lwe-eDNA luzosiza ukuhlolwa okuzayo kwe-biomonitoring yezintaba eziphakeme ze-Himalaya kanye nezifundo zamangqamuzana ezibuyela emuva ukuze kuhlolwe izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ukufudumala okubangelwa isimo sezulu, ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa nemithelela yabantu kushintsha lesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo esishintsha ngokushesha, esidume umhlaba wonke.
UDkt. Tracey Seimon we-WCS Animal Health Programme, ophethe ithimba le-Everest Biofield nomcwaningi oholayo, uthe: “Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Imvelo ye-alpine, okuhlanganisa i-Mount Everest, kufanele ibhekwe njengengaphansi kokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-alpine, ngaphezu kokuqapha kwe-bioclimatic kanye nokuhlolwa komthelela wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. ”
UDkt Marisa Lim weWildlife Conservation Society uthe: “Sangena ophahleni lomhlaba sifuna ukuphila. Nakhu esikutholile. Nokho, indaba ayigcini lapho. ukusiza ukwazisa ubuhlakani besikhathi esizayo. "
Umqondisi wocwaningo lwasensimini, umcwaningi weNational Geographic kanye noProfessor Ohlangene e-Appalachian State University uDkt. Anton Simon wathi: “Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, lapho ebuzwa, ‘Kungani kufanele uye e-Everest?’, umqwali waseBrithani uGeorge Mallory waphendula, ‘Ngoba yayikhona. Iqembu lethu lika-2019 libe nombono ohluke kakhulu: siye eMount Everest ngoba besifundisa futhi singasifundisa ngomhlaba esiphila kuwo.”
Ngokwenza le dathasethi yomthombo ovulekile itholakale emphakathini wocwaningo, ababhali banethemba lokufaka isandla emzamweni oqhubekayo wokwakha izinsiza zamangqamuzana ukuze kufundwe futhi kulandelelwe izinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezintabeni eziphakeme kakhulu zomhlaba.
I-athikili ecashuniwe: Lim et al., Ukusebenzisa i-DNA yemvelo ukuhlola ukuhlukahluka kweSihlahla Sokuphila ohlangothini oluseningizimu ye-Mount Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore,6,7 kanye noTracey A. Simon1,8,
1 Wildlife Conservation Society, Zoological Health Program, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460, USA 2 Appalachian State University, Department of Geography and Planning, Boone, NC 28608, USA 3 McGill University, Redpath Department of Museums and Biology, Montreal, H3A 0G4 , CanadaQ94 Department of Primary Industries, Wellington 6011, New Zealand 5 University of Colorado, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 6 National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, 20036, USAQ107 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver- Spring, MD 20910, USA 8 Lead Contact* Ezokuxhumana
Injongo: I-WCS isindisa izilwane zasendle nezilwane zasendle emhlabeni wonke ngesayensi, imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, imfundo kanye nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bazise imvelo. Ukuze sifeze umgomo wethu, i-WCS izinze e-Bronx Zoo, isebenzisa amandla aphelele ohlelo lwayo lokongiwa kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke, oluvakashelwa minyaka yonke ngabantu abayizigidi ezine emazweni acishe abe ngu-60 nakuzo zonke izilwandlekazi zomhlaba, kanye namapaki ezilwane zasendle amahlanu eNew. York. I-WCS ihlanganisa ubungcweti bayo kuma-zoo nasezindaweni zasemanzini ukuze ifeze umgomo wayo wokongiwa kwemvelo. Vakashela: newsroom.wcs.org Landela: @WCSNewsroom. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi: 347-840-1242. Lalela i-podcast ye-WCS Wild Audio lapha.
Njengesikhungo somphakathi esiphambili eNingizimu-mpumalanga, i-Appalachian State University ilungiselela abafundi ukuthi baphile izimpilo ezigculisayo njengezakhamuzi zomhlaba eziqondayo futhi ezithatha umthwalo wokudala ikusasa elisimeme labo bonke. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Appalachian kukhuthaza umoya wokuzibandakanya ngokuhlanganisa abantu ndawonye ngezindlela ezikhuthazayo zokuthola nokudala ulwazi, bakhule ngokuphelele, benze ngentshiseko nokuzimisela, futhi bamukele ukuhlukahluka nomehluko. Ama-Appalachian, asezintabeni zeBlue Ridge, angelinye lamakhampasi ayi-17 ohlelweni lweNyuvesi yaseNorth Carolina. Njengoba inabafundi abacishe babe ngu-21,000, i-Appalachian University inenani eliphansi lobuhlakani babafundi futhi inikela ngezinhlelo ezingaphezu kwe-150 zeziqu zabafundi kanye neziqu.
Ukubambisana kwe-National Geographic no-Rolex kusekela uhambo lokuhlola izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besayensi obudumile emhlabeni wonke kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili ukuze kwembule imininingwane emisha kumasistimu abalulekile empilweni yasemhlabeni, lolu hambo lusiza ososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo nemiphakathi yasendaweni bahlele futhi bathole izixazululo kumthelela wesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu. Imvelo iyashintsha, itshela izimangaliso zomhlaba wethu ngezindaba ezinamandla.
Cishe iminyaka eyikhulu, u-Rolex uye wasekela abahloli bamazwe abangamaphayona abafuna ukweqa imingcele yokungenzeka komuntu. Inkampani isisukile ekukhuthazeni ucwaningo ukuze kutholwe yaya ekuvikeleni iplanethi ngokuzibophezela kwesikhathi eside ekusekeleni abantu nezinhlangano zisebenzisa isayensi ukuqonda nokuthuthukisa izixazululo zezinkinga zemvelo zanamuhla.
Lokhu kusebenzelana kwaqiniswa ngokwethulwa kwe-Forever Planet ngo-2019, ekuqaleni eyayigxile kubantu abafaka isandla emhlabeni ongcono ngama-Rolex Awards for Enterprise, ukuvikela izilwandle ngokubambisana ne-Mission Blue, nokwenza ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kube ngokoqobo. kuqondwe njengengxenye yobudlelwano bayo ne-National Geographic Society.
Iphothifoliyo eyandisiwe yobunye ubambiswano eyamukelwe ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Perpetual Planet manje ihlanganisa: uhambo olusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo olucindezela imingcele yokuhlola ngaphansi kwamanzi; I-One Ocean Foundation kanye ne-Menkab evikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ze-cetacean eMedithera; I-Xunaan-Ha Expedition eveza ikhwalithi yamanzi e-Yucatan, e-Mexico; Uhambo olukhulu oluya e-Arctic ngo-2023 ukuqoqa idatha ngezinsongo zase-Arctic; Hearts In The Ice, futhi ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Arctic; kanye neMonaco Blue Initiative, ehlanganisa ndawonye ochwepheshe bezixazululo zokulondoloza olwandle.
I-Rolex iphinde isekele izinhlangano kanye nezinhlelo ezithuthukisa isizukulwane esilandelayo sabahloli bamazwe, ososayensi nabalondolozi bemvelo ngokusebenzisa imifundaze nezibonelelo ezifana ne-World Underwater Scholarship Association kanye ne-Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
I-National Geographic Society iyinhlangano yomhlaba wonke engenzi nzuzo esebenzisa amandla esayensi, ucwaningo, imfundo, kanye nokuxoxa izindaba ukuze kukhanyiselwe futhi kuvikelwe izimangaliso zomhlaba wethu. Kusukela ngo-1888, iNational Geographic ibilokhu icindezela imingcele yocwaningo, itshala imali ethalenteni elinesibindi nemibono yokuguqula, ihlinzeka ngezibonelelo zokuqashwa ezingaphezu kuka-15,000 emazwenikazi ayisikhombisa, ifinyelela abafundi abayizigidi ezi-3 ngonyaka ngeminikelo yemfundo, futhi idonsa ukunaka komhlaba wonke ngokusayina. , izindaba nokuqukethwe. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi, vakashela ku-www.nationalgeographic.org noma usilandele ku-Instagram, Twitter naku-Facebook.
Injongo: I-WCS isindisa izilwane zasendle nezilwane zasendle emhlabeni wonke ngesayensi, imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, imfundo kanye nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bazise imvelo. Isekelwe e-Bronx Zoo, i-WCS isebenzisa amandla aphelele ohlelo lwayo lokulondoloza imvelo lomhlaba wonke ukuze ifeze umgomo wayo, inezivakashi eziyizigidi ezine minyaka yonke emazweni acishe abe ngu-60 nakuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba, kanye namapaki ezilwane zasendle amahlanu eNew York City. I-WCS ihlanganisa ubungcweti bayo kuma-zoo nasezindaweni zasemanzini ukuze ifeze umgomo wayo wokongiwa kwemvelo. Vakashela i-newsroom.wcs.org. Bhalisa: @WCSNewsroom. Ulwazi olwengeziwe: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Umsunguli we-SpaceRef, ilungu le-Explorer Club, owayeyi-NASA, ithimba labavakashi, intatheli, i-space kanye ne-astrobiologist, uhlulekile ukukhuphuka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-10-2022